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The legal profession in India has undergone a strategic and substantial change over the last few decades. Now-a-days the law aspirants not only figure themselves in courts but mark the presence in various corporate houses, law agencies, law firms, litigation, administrative services and many more.
Litigation
In litigation , the General Practitioner deals with a wide variety of legal problems as and when they arise. They do most of your legal cases from almost all areas .The law is a very fast field and there are various branches of law. But generally there is a division between Civil and Criminal law. Lawyers mostly identify themselves as one of these. A Civil lawyer looks after your corporate commercial and everyday matters, whereas the Criminal lawyer tries to ensure you do not go jail for a crime to the best of his/her abilities.
Of late there is an increased move towards specialization with the coming of new and novel areas of law. There is therefore a breed of Tax lawyers, Intellectual Property Lawyers, Arbitration lawyers and Constitutional lawyers. Specialization can also be forum or level specific that is a lawyer who only appears before the Supreme Court or only appears before the Central Administrative Tribunal or one who only handles original suits or specializes in Writ Petitions before the High Court.The very purpose of setting up of the National Law Universities was to improve the standard of the Bar. The Bar is the collective body of lawyers especially litigating lawyers. It is a sad fact, that not everyone considers bar to be their first choice but for those who do, they get the best gift of the profession- the power to wear a robe, an indication you are a learned doctor of law.
Law Firm
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.Corporate lawyers ensure the legality of commercial transactions. They must have a knowledge of statutory law and regulations passed by government agencies to help their clients achieve their goals within the bounds of the law. To structure a business transaction legally, a corporate lawyer may need to research aspects of contract law, tax law, accounting, securities law, bankruptcy, intellectual property rights, licensing, zoning laws, and other regulations relating to a specific area of business. The lawyer must ensure that a transaction does not conflict with local, state, or federal laws. corporate law is team-oriented, it requires an incisive mind and excellent communication skills, both written and oral. Through the negotiation process, lawyers constantly write and revise the legal documents which will bind the parties to certain terms for the transaction.
Working with Corporate
A corporate lawyer is a lawyer who specializes in corporations law. The role of a corporate lawyer is to ensure the legality of commercial transactions, advising corporations on their legal rights and duties, including the duties and responsibilities of corporate officers. In order to do this, they must have knowledge of aspects of contract law, tax law, accounting, securities law , bankrupty ,intellectual property rights ,licensing ,zoning laws, and the laws specific to the business of the corporations that they work for. The practice of corporate law is less adversarial than that of trial law. Lawyers for both sides of a commercial transaction are less opponents than facilitators .Transactions take place amongst peers. There are rarely wronged parties, underdogs, or inequities in the financial means of the participants. Corporate lawyers structure those transactions, draft documents, review agreements, negotiate deals, and attend meetings.
Other Careers
Judicial Services
The best part is that it is only available to law students. For those of you with an inclination towards public service and/or the trappings of state authority, the judiciary can be a worthwhile option. Not only is it a way to remain closely connected with the law throughout your professional life, but also one that offers the satisfaction of working for the good of society-an intellectually stimulating profession where you shall command the respect of the common man..
Civil Services
Law is a favourite subject of the Civil Service Aspirant both for the All India services as well as the State Services. When you enrol for the law paper you are automatically enrolling for preparing for your mains paper, without wasting any additional time. Also things such as the Constitution and questions and issues of social, political and legal importance are an essential part of the CSAT or the prelims examination. Most importantly once you qualify the paper you have to clear the all important interview round.
Company Secretaryship
A CS complemented with law is a powerful combination to join a company. You can simultaneously enrol for a CS degree. A CS has to ensure regulatory compliance of the company and ensure the business is carried on with all the procedures required by law. Especially if the company is a public limited company or when the company is a listed company the company secretary role becomes all the more important where all corporate communication and relations with the stock exchange and public authorities go through him/her
Banking, Investment and Finance
Not only do banks and financials instates have PO level ranks for their legal departments, you can also be at the core level of banking, finance and investment teams as not only does law school make you a hard yet diplomatic negotiator, but with international rules regulations, mergers, takeovers, listing codes, contracts, agreements and bank permissions law is considered a great degree in business.
Academic and Research
Academics and Research Gone are the days when an academic profile was spelt boring With so much happening on the legal scene there is immense possibility of an opportunity developing a career as an academic. A tenured faculty position or a research position in one of Govt. departments and or other places has changed phenomenally when it comes either in quality of work or quantum of payment.
ELIGIBILITY
To be eligible to appear in CLAT a candidate should have obtained a higher Secondary School/Intermediate (10+2) or its equivalent certificate from a recognized Board with not less than 45% marks in aggregate (40% marks of SC and ST candidates) and should be below 20 years of age on 1st July2016 (22 years in case of SC/ST and person with disability (PWD) candidates)*.Candidates who are appearing in March/ April,2016 or have appeared in the 10+2 examination and are awaiting results are also eligible to appear in the test .However, such candidates are required to have passed the qualifying examination at the time of their admission and must be able to submit proofs in support of their claims. No provisional admission shall be provided to those candidates who are not submitting the results of the qualifying examination (i.e. 10+2) at the time of admission.
| EXAM DESCRIPTION | |
|---|---|
| Total Marks | 200 |
| Number of multiple-choice questions of one mark each | 200 |
| Duration of Examination | 200 |
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Litigation
The Common Law Admission Test acronymed CLAT is the gateway exam to 14 premier law universities, in the country popularly known as National Law Schools or National Law Universities. CLAT is for law what the CAT exam is for management and the JEE is for engineering. It serves as the litmus test to test whether or not you have it in you to become a lawyer, and to that end qualify for and educate yourselves at world class Universities.
National Law Schools began with the premier institution being setup in the late 1980s with the mandate of carrying out bold experiments in legal education. The institution, National Law University of India (NLSIU), Bangalore, grew both in substance and reputation to promote and cater to some of the sub-continent�s best talent in law. The success prompted the concept to grow and other institutions joined the fray most notably Hyderabad, Bhopal and Kolkatta.
Each of these institutions originally had a separate entrance exam much to the annoyance of the aspirant (and to expense of the parent). When the grumbling became an argument, one such aspirant filed a petition at the Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court of India mandated a common entrance exam for the then existent National Law Schools, and this judgement found animation in the form of the Common Law Entrance Exam or CLAT. Since then almost all National Law Schools, the notable exception being National Law University Delhi, admit students on their CLAT scores.
The Organizing Committee
The CLAT Committee consists of the Vice Chancellors, Registrars and senior persons from all the law schools covered by CLAT. The inaugural CLAT committee decided that the CLAT would be organized by rotation by the Universities in order of seniority by date of establishment. Accordingly, the Vice Chancellor of the conducting University, organizes the Thus NLSIU being the oldest of the National Law Schools conducted the first exam in 2008; 2009, 2010 and 2011 were organized by NALSAR,NLIU and NUJS respectively. The 2012 CLAT exam was conducted under the auspices of NLU, Jodhpur.
Non Clat Law Exams
National Law University (AILET- All India Legal Entrance Test)
The only National Law School outside the CLAT, NLU-D, has broken protocol to emerge amongst the top five National law schools in the country sans the fact that not a single batch has passed out. The number of seats to number of test takers is the most disproportionate amongst all law schools making it perhaps the most competitive law entrance exam in the country. Though the syllabus mirrors CLAT at the first flush, there are some differences between NLU-D and the CLAT paper.
Firstly, there is a strong focus on Conventional GK.
Secondly the Legal portion of late has been balanced between knowing the Constitution and legal theory rather than relying on legal reasoning alone. Legal reasoning questions have also been asked in the past without supplying principles.
Symbiosis, Pune
Symbiosis Law School, Pune established in June 1977, was affiliated in the beginning to University of Pune. But since 2002, it became the constituent college of the Symbiosis International University. A candidate interested in taking admission in SLS will have mandatorily go through the Symbiosis Entrance Test (SET) is usually conducted in the month of May. The total intake is 200 seats. SET is a Multiple Choice Questions test for 150 marks constituting of English (40 Marks), Quantitative Reasoning (40 Marks), General Awareness (40 Marks), Analytical and Logical Reasoning (30 Marks) questions.
Army Law School Mohali
Army Institute of Law (AIL) was established in July 1999 under the aegis of Army Welfare Education Society (AWES). Admission at ALS, Mohali is done on the basis of and Entrance Test conducted on an all India basis usually during the month of May. The total number of seats is 80. The 120 minutes Entrance Test consists of 220 objective questions of 1 mark each, with 4 sections covering areas of English (66 Marks), General Knowledge and Current Affairs (55 Marks), Logical Reasoning/Mental Ability (55 Marks) and Legal Reasoning (44 Marks).
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprasta University, Delhi
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (IP University) is established by Government of NCT of Delhi under the provisions of Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Act, 1998 read with its Amendment in 1999. Admission at IP University is done on the basis of Common Entrance Tests (CET) conducted by the University in the month of May. The test is of 600 Marks and includes 150 objective questions from English (25% Marks), General Knowledge (25% Marks), Legal Aptitude (25% Marks) and Reasoning (25% Marks).
LSAT, India
LSAT-India is a standardized test adopted as an admissions criterion by multiple law colleges across India. LSAT -India measures skills that are considered essential for success in law school. LSAT-India is specially created for admissions to law schools in India by the Law School Admission Council, USA (LSAC). The colleges that take LSAT marks as their admission criteria are – Central India College of Law, Godhani � Nagpur, College of Legal Studies(UPES), Dehradun, Faculty of Law (ICFAI University), Dehradun, G. H. Raisoni Law College, Nagpur, ITM College of Law, Gurgaon, Jindal Global Law School, Sonipat (Haryana), JSS Law College, Mysore, K.L.E. Society�s Law College, Bangalore, MATS Law School, MATS University, Raipur, Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual Property Law (RGSOIPL), Kharagpur (3 yr LL. B.) and Saveetha School of Law, Chennai. The test is conducted during the month of May at 16 different centres spread across India. The Test duration is 2 hours and 20 minutes and in the format of Multiple Choice Question. The test majorly covers questions from Reading Comprehension, Logical Reasoning and Analytical Reasoning.
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun
UPES, Dehradun is the first of its kind university in the Pan Asian region. It is the first Indian Energy University recognised by UGC under Section 2(f) of the UGC Act, 1956. Admission for B.A.LL.B. is done on the basis of UPES Law Studies Aptitude Test (UL-SAT) Board Merit / CLAT Merit / LSAT Merit followed by Group Discussion & Interview, for B.B.A.LL.B. on the basis of UPES Law Studies Aptitude Test (UL-SAT) Board Merit / CLAT Merit / LSAT Merit followed by Group Discussion & Interview, and for B.Tech. LL.B. on the basis of UPES Engineering Aptitude Test (UPESEAT) followed by Central Counseling or Board Merit/ AIEEE Merit/ CLAT Merit/ LSAT Merit followed by counseling on Merit Ranking. 80% of the seats are filled by ULSAT, usually conducted in the month May. The test consists of 200 questions for 1 mark each, to be completed within 3 hours. The subjects covered by the test are English, General Knowledge, Legal Reasoning, Logical and Analytical Reasoning and Mathematics.